Translation From The Gull Language

By Thomas Moore

            Scripta manet.     'Twas graved on the Stone of Destiny,[1]     In letters four and letters three;     And ne'er did the King of the Gulls go by     But those awful letters scared his eye;     For he knew that a Prophet Voice had said,     "As long as those words by man were read,     "The ancient race of the Gulls should ne'er     "One hour of peace or plenty share."     But years on years successive flew,     And the letters still more legible grew,--     At top, a T, an H, an E,     And underneath, D. E. B. T.     Some thought them Hebrew,--such as Jews     More skilled in Scrip than Scripture use;     While some surmised 'twas an ancient way     Of keeping accounts, (well known in the day     Of the famed Didlerius Jeremias,     Who had thereto a wonderful bias,)     And proved in books most learnedly boring,     'Twas called the Pontick way of scoring.     Howe'er this be there never were yet     Seven letters of the alphabet,     That 'twixt them formed so grim a spell,     Or scared a Land of Gulls so well,     As did this awful riddle-me-ree     Of T. H. E. D. E. B. T.                  *             *             *             *             *     Hark!--it is struggling Freedom's cry;     "Help, help, ye nations, or I die;     "'Tis Freedom's fight and on the field     "Where I expire your doom is sealed."     The Gull-King hears the awakening call,     He hath summoned his Peers and Patriots all,     And he asks. "Ye noble Gulls, shall we     "Stand basely by at the fall of the Free,     "Nor utter a curse nor deal a blow?"     And they answer with voice of thunder, "No."     Out fly their flashing swords in the air!--     But,--why do they rest suspended there?     What sudden blight, what baleful charm,     Hath chilled each eye and checkt each arm?     Alas! some withering hand hath thrown     The veil from off that fatal stone,     And pointing now with sapless finger,     Showeth where dark those letters linger,--     Letters four and letters three,     T. H. E. D. E. B. T.     At sight thereof, each lifted brand     Powerless falls from every hand;     In vain the Patriot knits his brow,--     Even talk, his staple, fails him now.     In vain the King like a hero treads,     His Lords of the Treasury shake their heads;     And to all his talk of "brave and free,"     No answer getteth His Majesty     But "T. H. E. D. E. B. T."     In short, the whole Gull nation feels     They're fairly spell-bound, neck and heels;     And so, in the face of the laughing world,     Must e'en sit down with banners furled,     Adjourning all their dreams sublime     Of glory and war to-some other time.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
The poem is written in a narrative style, using humor, allegory, and a strong sense of rhythm and rhyme to convey a meaningful and timely message. The primary theme is debt, symbolized by the letters "T.H.E. D.E.B.T." carved on the Stone of Destiny, which the Gulls, representative of a nation, view with fear and dread.

The tone of the poem is satirical and critical, presenting a stark commentary on the societal and political implications of debt. The structure of the poem is largely consistent, employing a regular rhyme scheme that lends a singsong quality, which contrasts sharply with the grave subject matter. The use of allegory and symbolism is evident throughout the poem, with the Gull King and his subjects representing political leaders and citizens, respectively. The Stone of Destiny and the letters inscribed upon it represent the inevitability and burden of debt.

The poet also uses irony to emphasize the paralysis that debt can cause, as seen in the imagery of the Gulls' swords falling from their hands and their inability to act, even in the face of impending doom. This juxtaposition of light-hearted imagery and serious themes heightens the overall impact of the poem, drawing attention to the destructive potential of unchecked financial obligations.

The poem's conclusion, with the Gulls adjourning their dreams of glory and war to a later time, highlights the incapacitating effect of debt on a nation's ambitions and progress. The poet thus effectively uses humor, irony, and allegory to underscore a serious societal issue, engaging readers while prompting reflection on financial responsibility and the cyclical nature of debt.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.