Cocker, On Church Reform

By Thomas Moore

    FOUNDED UPON SOME LATE CALCULATIONS.     Fine figures of speech let your orators follow,     Old Cocker has figures that beat them all hollow.     Tho' famed for his rules Aristotle may be,     In but half of this Sage any merit I see,     For, as honest Joe Hume says, the "tottle" for me!     For instance, while others discuss and debate,     It is thus about Bishops I ratiocinate.     In England, where, spite of the infidel's laughter,     'Tis certain our souls are lookt very well after,     Two Bishops can well (if judiciously sundered)     Of parishes manage two thousand two hundred.--     Said number of parishes, under said teachers,     Containing three millions of Protestant creatures,--     So that each of said Bishops full ably controls     One million and five hundred thousands of souls.     And now comes old Cocker. In Ireland we're told,     Half a million includes the whole Protestant fold;     If, therefore, for three million souls, 'tis conceded     Two proper-sized Bishops are all that is needed,     'Tis plain, for the Irish half million who want 'em,     One-third of one Bishop is just the right quantum.     And thus, by old Cocker's sublime Rule of Three,     The Irish Church question's resolved to a T;     Keeping always that excellent maxim in view,     That, in saving men's souls, we must save money too.     Nay, if--as St. Roden complains is the case--     The half million of soul is decreasing apace,     The demand, too, for bishop will also fall off,     Till the tithe of one, taken in kind be enough.     But, as fractions imply that we'd have to dissect,     And to cutting up Bishops I strongly object.     We've a small, fractious prelate whom well we could spare,     Who has just the same decimal worth, to a hair,     And, not to leave Ireland too much in the lurch.     We'll let her have Exeter, sole, as her Church.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem reflects a dry, satirical commentary on religious structure and bureaucracy, specifically the Church of England and Ireland. The author employs a tone of light sarcasm and humor to communicate his critical views. The poem's structure, featuring rhymed quatrains, allows for a rhythmic flow that supports the satirical nature of the work. The opening lines highlight the tension between rhetoric and mathematics, using "Old Cocker" - referring to Edward Cocker, a reputed English mathematician - as a symbol of empirical reasoning against Aristotle's philosophical logic.

The poet uses mathematics as an unexpected yet effective tool of satire, calculating the relative spiritual worth of bishops, and thus, framing religious bureaucracy as a mundane, quantifiable entity. This unconventional approach is further amplified by the introduction of the "Rule of Three", a basic arithmetic principle, to solve the "Irish Church question". We see irony in the juxtaposition of saving souls and saving money, a critique on the perceived financial motivations of the church. The poem concludes with a clever suggestion to solve the fractional issue by offering a specific bishop, humorously reducing a complex religious issue to a simple mathematical solution. The clever use of humor, irony, and satire makes this poem an engaging critique on the institutionalized religion of the time.

Understanding Satirical Poetry

Satirical poems use wit, irony, exaggeration, and ridicule to expose folly—personal, social, or political. The aim isn’t just laughter: it’s critique that nudges readers toward insight or change.


Common characteristics of satirical poetry:

  • Targeted Critique: Focuses on specific behaviors, institutions, or ideas—often timely, sometimes timeless.
  • Tools of Irony: Uses sarcasm, parody, understatement, and hyperbole to sharpen the point.
  • Voice & Persona: Speakers may be unreliable or exaggerated to reveal contradictions and hypocrisy.
  • Form Flexibility: Appears in couplets, tercets, quatrains, blank verse, or free verse—music serves the mockery.
  • Moral Pressure: Beneath the humor lies ethical pressure—satire seeks reform, not merely amusement.
  • Public & Personal: Can lampoon public figures and trends or needle private vanities and everyday pretenses.

The best satire balances bite with craft: memorable lines that entertain while revealing the gap between how things are and how they ought to be.