On The Walla

By Henry Lawson

    Now the tent poles are rotting, the camp fires are dead,     And the possums may gambol in trees overhead;     I am humping my bluey far out on the land,     And the prints of my bluchers sink deep in the sand:     I am out on the wallaby humping my drum,     And I came by the tracks where the sundowners come.     It is nor'-west and west o'er the ranges and far     To the plains where the cattle and sheep stations are,     With the sky for my roof and the grass for my bunk,     And a calico bag for my damper and junk;     And scarcely a comrade my memory reveals,     Save the spiritless dingo in tow of my heels.     But I think of the honest old light of my home     When the stars hang in clusters like lamps from the dome,     And I think of the hearth where the dark shadows fall,     When my camp fire is built on the widest of all;     But I'm following Fate, for I know she knows best,     I follow, she leads, and it's nor'-west by west.     When my tent is all torn and my blankets are damp,     And the rising flood waters flow fast by the camp,     When the cold water rises in jets from the floor,     I lie in my bunk and I list to the roar,     And I think how to-morrow my footsteps will lag     When I tramp 'neath the weight of a rain-sodden swag.     Though the way of the swagman is mostly up-hill,     There are joys to be found on the wallaby still.     When the day has gone by with its tramp or its toil,     And your camp-fire you light, and your billy you boil,     There is comfort and peace in the bowl of your clay     Or the yarn of a mate who is tramping that way.     But beware of the town, there is poison for years     In the pleasure you find in the depths of long beers;     For the bushman gets bushed in the streets of a town,     Where he loses his friends when his cheque is knocked down;     He is right till his pockets are empty, and then,     He can hump his old bluey up country again.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This poem vividly portrays the life of a swagman – a transient laborer – in Australia's harsh outback, offering a rich exploration of themes such as solitude, hardship, resilience, and the relentless pursuit of fate. The poet uses evocative imagery and colloquial language, immersing the reader in the swagman's experience and the distinctive Australian landscape.

The structure of the poem, composed of six quatrains, mirrors the repetitious nature of the swagman's journey: his constant movement towards an uncertain destination. Each stanza explores a different facet of his existence, from the physical hardship of his journey to his memories of home, his interaction with nature, and his cautionary advice regarding town life.

The poem's tone, like the swagman, is ruggedly resilient and introspective. Through vivid descriptions of the harsh conditions faced by the swagman ("When my tent is all torn and my blankets are damp"), the poet captures a poignant sense of struggle and endurance. However, this is counterbalanced with moments of joy and comfort ("There are joys to be found on the wallaby still"). The diction, with its distinct Australian vernacular (e.g., "bluey", "wallaby", "bluchers"), enhances the authenticity of the poem, grounding it firmly in its geographical and cultural context.

Key literary devices include the use of striking metaphors such as "the stars hang in clusters like lamps from the dome", and the personification of Fate, who the swagman follows in his relentless journey. The poem is also marked by its use of end rhyme, giving it a rhythmic, song-like quality that echoes the swagman's footsteps across the outback.

Understanding Ballads

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music, that has been a cornerstone of storytelling across various cultures. Traditionally passed down orally, ballads are known for their rhythmic structure and often tell tales of love, adventure, and heroism.


Ballads are characterized by their strong rhythm and repetition, making them both memorable and engaging. Here are some defining features:

  • Narrative Structure: Ballads typically tell a story, often a dramatic or emotional tale that unfolds in a straightforward, chronological order.
  • Quatrain Stanzas: Most ballads are composed of quatrains (four-line stanzas) with a rhyme scheme of ABAB or ABCB, which adds to the musicality of the verse.
  • Repetition: Refrains or repeated lines are common in ballads, helping to emphasize key themes or emotions and making the ballad easier to remember.
  • Oral Tradition: Many ballads originated from oral traditions, which means they were passed down through generations by word of mouth before being written down.

From medieval minstrels to contemporary songwriters, ballads have continued to evolve, remaining a beloved form of expression that captures the human experience in a way that is both poetic and accessible.