A Grammarians Funeral

By Robert Browning

    Shortly after the Revival of Learning in Europe     Let us begin and carry up this corpse,     Singing together.     Leave we the common crofts, the vulgar thorpes     Each in its tether     Sleeping safe on the bosom of the plain,     Cared-for till cock-crow:     Look out if yonder be not day again     Rimming the rock-row!     Thats the appropriate country; there, mans thought,     Rarer, intenser,     Self-gathered for an outbreak, as it ought,     Chafes in the censer.     Leave we the unlettered plain its herd and crop;     Seek we sepulture     On a tall mountain, citied to the top,     Crowded with culture!     All the peaks soar, but one the rest excels;     Clouds overcome it;     No! yonder sparkle is the citadels     Circling its summit.     Thither our path lies; wind we up the heights:     Wait ye the warning?     Our low life was the levels and the nights;     Hes for the morning.     Step to a tune, square chests, erect each head,     Ware the beholders!     This is our master, famous, calm and dead,     Borne on our shoulders.     Sleep, crop and herd! sleep, darkling thorpe and croft,     Safe from the weather!     He, whom we convoy to his grave aloft,     Singing together,     He was a man born with thy face and throat,     Lyric Apollo!     Long he lived nameless: how should spring take note     Winter would follow?     Till lo, the little touch, and youth was gone!     Cramped and diminished,     Moaned he, New measures, other feet anon!     My dance is finished?     No, thats the worlds way: (keep the mountain-side,     Make for the city!)     He knew the signal, and stepped on with pride     Over mens pity;     Left play for work, and grappled with the world     Bent on escaping:     Whats in the scroll, quoth he, thou keepest furled     Show me their shaping,     Theirs who most studied man, the bard and sage,     Give! So, he gowned him,     Straight got by heart that book to its last page:     Learned, we found him.     Yea, but we found him bald too, eyes like lead,     Accents uncertain:     Time to taste life, another would have said,     Up with the curtain!     This man said rather, Actual life comes next?     Patience a moment!     Grant I have mastered learnings crabbed text,     Still theres the comment.     Let me know all! Prate not of most or least,     Painful or easy!     Even to the crumbs Id fain eat up the feast,     Ay, nor feel queasy.     Oh, such a life as he resolved to live,     When he had learned it,     When he had gathered all books had to give!     Sooner, he spurned it.     Image the whole, then execute the parts,     Fancy the fabric     Quite, ere you build, ere steel strike fire from quartz,     Ere mortar dab brick!     (Heres the town-gate reached: theres the market-place     Gaping before us.)     Yea, this in him was the peculiar grace     (Hearten our chorus!)     That before living hed learn how to live,     No end to learning:     Earn the means first, God surely will contrive     Use for our earning.     Others mistrust and say, But time escapes:     Live now or never!     He said, Whats time? Leave Now for dogs and apes!     Man has Forever.     Back to his book then: deeper drooped his head:     Calculus racked him:     Leaden before, his eyes grew dross of lead:     Tussis attacked him.     Now, master, take a little rest! not he!     (Caution redoubled     Step two abreast, the way winds narrowly!)     Not a whit troubled,     Back to his studies, fresher than at first,     Fierce as a dragon     He (soul-hydroptic with a sacred thirst)     Sucked at the flagon.     Oh, if we draw a circle premature,     Heedless of far gain,     Greedy for quick returns of profit, sure     Bad is our bargain!     Was it not great? did not he throw on God,     (He loves the burthen),     Gods task to make the heavenly period     Perfect the earthen?     Did not he magnify the mind, show clear     Just what it all meant?     He would not discount life, as fools do here,     Paid by instalment.     He ventured neck or nothing, heavens success     Found, or earths failure:     Wilt thou trust death or not? He answered Yes:     Hence with lifes pale lure!     That low man seeks a little thing to do,     Sees it and does it:     This high man, with a great thing to pursue,     Dies ere he knows it.     That low man goes on adding one to one,     His hundreds soon hit:     This high man, aiming at a million,     Misses an unit.     That, has the world here, should he need the next,     Let the world mind him!     This, throws himself on God, and unperplexed     Seeking shall find him.     So, with the throttling hands of death at strife,     Ground he at grammar;     Still, thro the rattle, parts of speech were rife:     While he could stammer     He settled Hotis business, let it be!     Properly based Oun,     Gave us the doctrine of the enclitic De,     Dead from the waist down.     Well, heres the platform, heres the proper place:     Hail to your purlieus,     All ye highfliers of the feathered race,     Swallows and curlews!     Heres the top-peak; the multitude below     Live, for they can, there:     This man decided not to Live but Know,     Bury this man there?     Here, heres his place, where meteors shoot, clouds form,     Lightnings are loosened,     Stars come and go! Let joy break with the storm,     Peace let the dew send!     Lofty designs must close in like effects:     Loftily lying,     Leave him, still loftier than the world suspects,     Living and dying.

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Poem Details

Language: English
Keywords: Public Domain
Source: Public Domain Collection
Rights/Permissions: Public Domain

Analysis & Notes:
This lengthy, complex poem is a profound meditation on the pursuit of knowledge and the meaning of life. The poem's protagonist is a relentless seeker of truth, who devotes himself entirely to study and understanding, rejecting the mundane aspects of human life in favor of intellectual enlightenment. The poem suggests a tension between this dedication and the fleeting nature of mortal life, as the subject's relentless pursuit culminates in death.

The tone of the poem is largely reverential, suggesting admiration for the protagonist's unwavering commitment to his quest for knowledge. The use of religious language such as 'sacred thirst' and 'heavenly period' elevates the pursuit of knowledge to a divine endeavor, while the depiction of the subject's death imbues his quest with martyr-like significance.

The poem's structure is somewhat unconventional, with variable line lengths and irregular rhyme schemes that mirror the protagonist's unconventional life path. The use of enjambment and caesura allows the poet to imitate the ceaseless flow of thought and the subject's dogged determination. Imagery is also employed effectively to convey the protagonist's ascension from the 'unlettered plain' to the 'tall mountain, citied to the top,' symbolizing his intellectual journey.

Literary devices such as paradox ('This high man, aiming at a million, / Misses an unit.') and oxymoron ('Living and dying.') are used to underline the poem's themes of knowledge, ambition, mortality, and the juxtaposition of the earthly and the divine. The poem concludes on a note of hope, suggesting that while the protagonist's life was consumed by his quest for knowledge, his legacy continues to inspire and elevate those who come after him.

Understanding Elegy

An elegy is a form of poetry that expresses sorrow or lamentation, often for someone who has died. This type of poetry serves as a tribute to the deceased, reflecting on their life and the grief left behind.


Elegies are deeply emotional and personal, exploring themes of loss, mourning, and remembrance. Here are some defining characteristics:

  • Mournful Tone: Elegies are characterized by a tone of sadness and reflection, as the poet grapples with the pain of loss.
  • Tribute to the Deceased: The subject of an elegy is often someone who has passed away, with the poem serving as a memorial that honors their life and legacy.
  • Personal Reflection: Elegies often include personal reflections on the impact of the deceased on the poet's life, as well as broader musings on mortality and the human condition.
  • Structure and Form: While elegies can vary in form, they often follow a traditional structure that includes an expression of grief, praise for the deceased, and a sense of consolation or acceptance.

From ancient times to the present, elegies have provided a way for poets to navigate the complexities of grief and loss, offering solace and a means of preserving the memory of those who have passed.