Xanadu

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noun /ˈzænəduː/

Definition

Xanadu is a term derived from Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem "Kubla Khan", which describes the legendary palace of Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan and the powerful ruler of the Mongol Empire. In Coleridge's poem, Xanadu is depicted as an opulent, exotic, and fantastical place, filled with lush gardens, sacred rivers, and grand architectural splendor. Over time, the term "Xanadu" has come to symbolize an idealized, luxurious, or utopian paradise, often associated with great wealth and grandeur. The imagery of Xanadu evokes a dreamlike realm, blending historical elements with a sense of otherworldly beauty and mystique.

Example

Coleridge’s "Kubla Khan" begins with the lines, "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan / A stately pleasure-dome decree."

Notes

Poetic emblem of opulent or dreamlike paradise from Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan.”

How to spot Xanadu

When you read a poem, look for patterns that match Xanadu. Note where it appears (line breaks, stanza positions), how often it repeats, and what emotion or emphasis it creates. Try underlining each instance, then ask: what changes if it’s removed?

Common mistakes

A common mistake is confusing Xanadu with nearby concepts listed in ‘See also.’ Always check its defining feature: the formal rule or effect that makes it Xanadu, not just a similar device.

Using Xanadu in analysis

In essays, define Xanadu briefly, cite a short quotation, and explain the *specific* effect on tone, pacing, or imagery. Tie the effect to the poem’s theme rather than describing the device in isolation.

1-minute quiz

Which line uses Xanadu most clearly?

  1. A line that deliberately demonstrates the device’s key feature.
  2. A line that is superficially similar but lacks the defining feature.
  3. A line unrelated to the device.
  4. A paraphrase of the poem’s theme.

Tip: pick the line that shows the device’s defining feature.

Related Definitions

Study Tips

  • Identify this device in poems you read
  • Practice using it in your own writing
  • Compare with related terms
  • Discuss examples with classmates

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