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An ancient Greek poet and philosopher known for his critical approach to traditional Greek mythology and his poetic critiques of the anthropomorphic conception of gods.
Xenophanes’ poetry often challenged the Homeric depiction of gods, emphasizing a more rational understanding.
When you read a poem, look for patterns that match Xenophanes. Note where it appears (line breaks, stanza positions), how often it repeats, and what emotion or emphasis it creates. Try underlining each instance, then ask: what changes if it’s removed?
A common mistake is confusing Xenophanes with nearby concepts listed in ‘See also.’ Always check its defining feature: the formal rule or effect that makes it Xenophanes, not just a similar device.
In essays, define Xenophanes briefly, cite a short quotation, and explain the *specific* effect on tone, pacing, or imagery. Tie the effect to the poem’s theme rather than describing the device in isolation.
Which line uses Xenophanes most clearly?
Tip: pick the line that shows the device’s defining feature.